Glossary of terms & acronyms for CCS
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A | B | C | D | E | F | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
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A |
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| ABLE | Alkalinity based on low energy |
| Active project | A project under construction or in operation |
| Adsorption | (in CCS) A material attracting carbon dioxide to its surface so it can be captured |
| AGA | American Gas Association |
| API | American Petroleum Institute |
| ASME | American Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| ASTM | American Society for Testing and Materials |
| Atmosphere | The layer of gases surrounding the earth; The gases are mainly nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (around 21%) |
B |
|
| bbl | Barrel |
| BCGA | British Compressed Gases Association |
| BLEVE | Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion |
| Basalt formations | Basalts are ancient volcanic rocks such as lava flows that may have porosity and permeability in the fractures or cavities between blocks of solid rock |
| Bulk CO2 | Unprocessed gaseous CO2, with a CO2 content typically in excess of 95% |
C |
|
| CaCO2 | Calcium carbonate |
| CaO | Calcium oxide |
| CAPEX | Capital expenditure |
| Capture | The separation of carbon dioxide from other gases before it is emitted to the atmosphere |
| CARMA | Carbon monitoring for action |
| CCGT | Combined cycle gas turbine |
| CCR | Carbon capture ready |
| CCS | Carbon capture and storage |
| CCSR | CCS Ready |
| CCUS | Carbon capture, use and storage |
| CFR | Code of Federal Regulations |
| CGA | Compressed Gas Association |
| CO | Carbon monoxide |
| CO2 | Carbon dioxide |
| CO2 reuse | A practical application of captured, concentrated CO2 that adds value and which can partially offset the cost of CO2 capture as a transitional measure to assist the accelerated uptake of CCS |
| CO2CRC | Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies |
| Compressed | Put under pressure so that more gas will fit into the same volume; with carbon dioxide it is compressed until it is like a dense fluid |
| CONCAWE | Conservation of clean air and water in Europe |
| COSHH | Control of substances hazardous to health |
| CR | Chloroprene |
| Critical point | The temperature and pressure point above which carbon dioxidegas and liquid phases cannot exist as separate phases |
| CSA | Canadian Standards Association |
| Cu | Copper |
D |
|
| Depleted gas fields | Underground rock where most of the gas has been extracted from between the grains of rock |
| Depleted oil fields | Underground rock where most of the oil has been extracted from between the grains of rock |
| DMEPEG | Dimethyl Ether of Polyethylene Glycol |
| DOE | Department of Energy (United States) |
| Dry ice | Solid carbon dioxide |
| DWTT | Drop Weight Tear Testers |
E |
|
| EAF | Electric Arc Furnace |
| ECBMP | Enhanced Coal Bed Methane Production |
| EGR | Enhanced Gas Recovery |
| EGS | Enhanced Geothermal Systems |
| EIGA | European Industrial Gases Association |
| Enhanced gas recovery | Incremental gas recovery from depleted conventional gas reservoirs |
| EOR | Enhanced Oil Recovery |
| EOS | Equations of State |
| EPDM | Ethylene-Propylene |
| ESOV | Emergency Shut-off Valve |
| ETS | Emission Trading Scheme |
| EU SACS | European Union Saline Aquifer Carbon Dioxide Storage Programme |
F |
|
| FGD | Flue gas desulphurisation |
| FKM | Fluoroelastomer |
| Fossil fuel | Oil, gas or coal are fossil fuels, formed over millions of years from the remains of plants and animals (fossils); They are hydrocarbons |
G |
|
| G8 | The Group of Eight (forum of senior offical representatives from France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States of America, Canada, Russia) |
| GHG | GreenHouse Gas |
| Greenfields | (in CO2 storage) Geological formations where no hydrocarbon production has occured within the potential storage area; (in CO2 capture) New facilities where no previously exists |
| Greenhouse gas | Gases in the atmosphere that keep the earth the right temperature to support life by trapping heat (infrared radiation) |
H |
|
| H2 | Hydrogen |
| HDR | Hot Dry Rocks |
| HFR | Hot Fractured Rocks |
| HSE | Health and Safety Executive |
| HSL | Health and Safety Laboratory |
I |
|
| IEA | International Energy Association |
| IGCC | Integrated gasification combined cycle |
| IGC Code | International Gas Carrier Code |
| IIR | Butyl isobutene isoprene rubber |
| IPCC | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
L |
|
| LCA | Life Cycle Assessment |
| LNG | Liquified Natural Gas |
| LOC | Loss of Containment |
| LPG | Liquified Petroleum Gas |
M |
|
| MAOP | Maximum allowable operating pressure |
| Membranes | (in CCS) Thin sheets of material that can separate carbon dioxide from other gases – acts like a sieve |
| Mineralisation | Is a natural form of geologically storing CO2 by the very slow reaction between CO2 and naturally occurring minerals, such as magnesium silicate, to form the corresponding mineral carbonate |
| MMSCFD | Million standard cubic feet per day |
| Mt | Million tonnes |
| MW | Megawatt |
| MWth | Megawatt thermal |
| MSS | Manufacturers Standardisation Society |
N |
|
| NACE | National Association of Corrosion Engineers |
| Natural gas | Gas stored underground; It consists largely of methane, but can also contain other hydrocarbons, water, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These other substances are separated before the methane is put into a pipeline or tanker |
| NBR | Nitrile rubber |
| NETL | National Energy Technology Laboratory (United States) |
| NFPA | National Fire Protection Association |
| NGO | Non Governmental Organisation |
| NGCC | Natural Gas Combined Cycle |
| Ni | Nickel |
| NIOSH | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health |
| NIST | National Institute of Standards and Technology |
| NORSOK | Norsk Sokkels Konkuranseposisjon – Standards developed by the Norwegian Technology Centre |
O |
|
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| Oxy-fuel combustion capture | Burning a fuel in oxygen-rich gas. The oxygen is separated from the air, and it makes it easier to separate the carbon dioxide from the waste gases |
P |
|
| PA | Polyamide |
| Pb | Lead |
| PCTFE | Polychlorotrifluoroethylene |
| PEEK | Polyetheretherketone |
| P-h diagram | Pressure-enthalpy |
| PHMSA | Pipelines and Hazardous Materials Safety Adminstration |
| Pore space | Tiny space between the grains of a rock, usually occupied by a fluid of some sort, often water |
| Post-combustion capture | Separating carbon dioxide from other waste gases after a fuel is burnt |
| PP | Polypropylene |
| ppmvd | Parts per million volumetric dry |
| Pre-combustion capture | Reacting the fuel to form a syngas made up of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen; Carbon dioxide can be captured before the hydrogen is then burnt. It is also possible to convert the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and capture that as well, leaving only the hydrogen as a fuel to burn |
| PSR | Pipeline Safety Regulations |
| PTFE | Polytetrafluoroethylene |
| PVTF | Vinylidene polyfluoride |
Q |
|
| QA | Quality Assurance |
R |
|
| REDOX | Reduction-oxidisation reaction |
| RGD | Rapid Gas Depressurisation |
| ROSOV | Remotely Operated Shut Off Valve |
S |
|
| SACROC | Scurry Area Canyon Reef Operators Committee |
| Saline formations | Underground rock where water occupies the tiny spaces between the grains of rock |
| SCADA | Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition |
| Seal | A rock formation which it is very difficult for carbon dioxide and other subsurface fluids to move through under normal conditions |
| Shale formations | Is characterised by thin horizontal layers of rock with very low permeability, especially in the vertical direction; It is the most common sedimentary rock |
| SLOD | Significant likelihood of death |
| SLOT | Specified level of toxicity |
| Solid hydrate | When an excess of CO2 is present in relatively cold ocean water (below 8°C) a solid hydrate can form consisting of six water molecules that make a cage around one CO2 molecule |
| Solvent | (in CCS) A liquid that can soak up carbon dioxide |
| Storage site | An underground rock formation that can store carbon dioxide; Commonly this is deep sedimentary and porous rock, where there are tiny spaces between the rock grains for the carbon dioxide |
| Sublimation point | A temperature/pressure combination at which solid can vaporise directly into gas e.g. !78.5°C at 1 atmosphere |
| Supercritical | Above the critical point where carbon dioxide has some characteristics of a gas and some of a liquid |
| Synfuels | Synthetic fuels |
| Syngas | Synthetic or systhesis gas |
T |
|
| Triple point | The temperature & pressure where carbon dioxide exists as a gas, liquid and solid simultaneously |
| T-s diagram | Temperature-entropy diagram |
U |
|
| UNFCC | United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |
| UHMWPE | Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene |
| UN-IMO | United Nations International Maritime Organisation |
| Urea yield boosting | Natural gas used as the feedstock for urea production |
Z |
|
| Zn | Zinc |
