Objective

To evaluate transport options and design parameters and assess impacts on capture and storage as well as drivers from capture and storage.  To develop the design to Class 3 level of detail. and to prepare a work plan for the Definition stage

Major Deliverables

• Option & Topic Study Reports
• Hazard & Risk reviews
• Capital and Operating Costs
• Technology Evaluation Report (if relevant)
• Multi Criteria Assessment Report
• Option Selection Report
• Pre-FEED specifications for conditions (flow rates, temperature, pressure, transportation phase i.e. gaseous / liquid / dense, detailed impurity levels) of CO₂ at inlets and outlets of transport and during transport, agreed with CO₂ capture and storage design teams.
• Pre-FEED specifications for:
  • pipeline structural material
  • requirements for diameter, thickness, material grade, coating
  • CO₂ drying design spec requirements
  • CO₂ compression requirements
• Specifications/work orders for design work to be done in define stage to ensure integration of full chain from source to storage site.
• Specifications/work orders for transport design work to be done in define stage, including transport modelling required during FEED.
• Identification of major issues and solutions and residual risks.
• Selection of transport system entry point, including any disconnection issues for an asset re-use type proposal.
• Class 3 Capital and Operating Costs
• Updated Risk Register
• Independent Peer Review
• Forward Work Plan

Tasks

Specific tasks for each option to be brought forward to FEED stage include the following:

• Confirm or update boundary conditions, strategic decisions, themes and alternatives to be evaluated.
• Prepare a functional specification detailing the boundary conditions, , assumptions and performance expectations for the facility.
• Establish option evaluation criteria for example efficiency, cost, technology maturity, product specifications, skills requirements, integration, start-up, shutdown requirements, operability, maintainability constraints and/or benefits, infrastructure, services, utilities, consumables, waste management, siting considerations, hazards and risks,
• Evaluate technology options for facility and or systems
• Assess alternative configurations and integration implications, site and environmental considerations, business opportunities, risks and constraints.
• Evaluate legal and regulatory and permitting issues
• Review and assess operations and maintenance implications especially during start-up, ramp-up and shutdown,
• Review possible commercial requirements including any likely licensing conditions
• Prepare Class 4 Capital and Operating Cost estimates and likely implementation schedule
• Carry out a multi criteria assessment
• Carry out an independent peer review
• Select a preferred configuration and
• Prepare a Option Selection Report
• Perform any tests identified in Identify stage e.g. capability of existing pipeline to withstand transport conditions.
• (In conjunction with other tasks) select final transport method and route.
• Evaluate data from tests and from capture and storage tasks and identify design parameters for transport. This may include consideration of:
  • CO₂ quality e.g. likely levels of impurities in captured CO₂ resulting from type of fuel and/or type of capture, likely water content resulting from transport limitations, storage site limitations on specific impurities such as sulphur/water vapour, impact of any solvent carryover into storage site
  • Pressure limitations, e.g. legal limitations on pressure, diameter of pipeline under consideration, shipping or pipeline transport, any compression limitations, existing pressure in storage site, original pressure in storage site (if depleted hydrocarbon field), pressure limitations of any existing equipment etc
  • Temperature limitations, e.g. cooling water temperature available at CO₂ capture/treatment site, existing temperature in storage site, transport distance and ambient temperature surrounding pipeline, likely shipping temperature
  • Route considerations, e.g. proximity to populations or environmentally protected areas, other constraints
  • Intermittent or steady state flow from CO₂ source
  • Multiple CO₂ sources/transport methods
• Identify any major design issues relating to choice of source/transport/storage site.  These may include:
  • Transport method limitations on any aspects of CO₂ quality e.g. level of water content allowable in pipeline due to material
  • Re-use of pipeline with associated limitations on pressure/temperature/purity
  • Change in pressure required at a distance from capture site e.g. when transferring from one diameter pipeline to another diameter, general pressure  losses or elevation difference driven pressure changes
  • Change in pressure when transferring from transport to storage
  • Above ground installation (AGI) facility location and venting
  • Pressure/temperature interactions e.g. Joule-Thompson cooling caused by expansion
  • Impact on hazardous area distances for any unavoidable constraints
  • Impacts of intermittency on transport method e.g. pressure changes leading to possible temperature and/or phase changes
  • Other possible phase changes or causes of two-phase flow in transport
• Select mitigation methods for each issue identified, and identify resulting impacts e.g. additional cleaning may require additional drying.  These mitigation methods may include:
  • Additional cleaning of CO₂ source before/after capture/conditioning e.g. water wash, dehydration, sulphur removal
  • Additional treatment of captured/conditioned CO₂ partway along transport route e.g. CO₂ booster plant, additional treatment when transferring between pipelines or changing diameter of pipeline
  • Use of pipeline for linepack to offset intermittency, resulting pressure, temperature and phase changes
  • Cooling/heating required to offset temperature impacts of pressure changes
  • Redundancy of systems / temporary storage
• Produce input to pre-FEED cost estimates for impacts of mitigation methods.
• Identify residual risks for integration of CO₂ source, transport and storage.
• Identify any unknowns that require testing in define phase e.g. coating tests.
• Select transport system entry point, identify any issues e.g. disconnection issues for an asset re-use type proposal, and any work to be done in Define stage to solve issues.
• Identify any waste or other products likely to be generated or handled during transport, and any work to be done in Define stage relating to these.
• (In conjunction with other tasks) ensure agreement is reached, communication between groups is maintained and selected designs are compatible along the full chain.  Periodically ensure that all groups are working to identical specifications at inlets and outlets of sections.
• Update the functional specification including minimum standards for key engineering deliverables,
• Engage any technology and engineering services providers
• Carry out updated framing and alignment workshops, engineering standards selection, design to capacity and lessons learnt reviews
• Update the design basis and design control plan based on the preferred option
• Carry out preliminary alignment studies
• Carry out waste minimisation, energy utilisation and value engineering reviews
• Develop the Basic Engineering Package for the preferred configuration including a written pre-FEED specifications for conditions (temperature, pressure, phase, impurity level) of CO₂ at inlets and outlets of transport and during transport, agreed with CO₂ source and storage design teams.
• Produce written pre-FEED specifications for:
  • Pipeline structural material
  • Requirements for diameter, thickness, material grade, coating
  • O₂ drying design spec requirements
  • CO₂ compression requirements
  • Transport equipment (note CO2 booster plant covered in CO₂ booster plant).
• Review the engineering deliverables
• Carry out Hazard 2 studies and risk reviews
• Prepare preliminary operations plan including operations and maintenance strategy, likely workforce requirements availability and training needs.
• Carry out an Independent Peer Review
• Prepare a Pre-feasibility Study Report
• Produce specifications/work orders for:
  • Design work to be done in define stage to ensure integration of full chain from source to storage site
  • Work to be done in define stage for transport, including transport modelling required during FEED

Examples

• CO₂ Product Specification
• CO₂ Product

Key Personnel 

• Project manager and staff (project controller and document controller)
• Transport or pipeline work-stream lead
• Engineering work-stream lead
• Process work-stream lead
• Project engineers
• Pipeline engineers
• Key engineering sub-consultants
• HAZOP team
• CCS chain integration team