Site Selection / Reservoir Management for Storage in the Identify stage

Objective

The objectives of this activity are to:

• Screen region, Identify and shortlist storage sites, for further evaluation

Major Deliverables

• Screening Basis
• Site evaluation reports
• Shortlist of sites and prepare initial site development plan for each
• Locations of pre-existing wells

Tasks

• Define & Develop Screening basis, which should include assessment of:
• Location
• Transport method and distance
• Total storage capacity / pore volume for project lifetime
• Minimum acceptable injectivity
• Compatibility of CO₂ quality requirements for storage and  transport
• Site screening plan and undertaking: Review Available Data and select Potential Sub-regions:
• Obtain  regional geology maps- especially for key intervals
• Examine Fault maps / seismicity / hydrologic / topographic maps & data
• Obtain all available well data penetrating storage complex including location, depth to key intervals and reconcile with maps.
• Sources of data may be geological surveys, groundwater management districts, departments of natural resources, published  and open-file reports and atlases, academic research,  previous injection or storage permits and regional databases
• Undertake screening to identify which potential options in a region for storage ‘play’ (an association of storage geological elements) merit further attention.  More than one type of storage may be selected
• existing or potential uses of the subsurface in the region (e.g. groundwater extraction, hydrocarbon production/storage)
• identify and assess risks (initial assessment)
• Map and identify key stakeholders in the region, and when to engage them- starting with relevant authorities for statute law, economic development agencies. 
• Site Selection: Evaluate and Shortlist Potential Sites against agreed criteria in basis:
• Estimate capacity & total pore volume of storage reservoirs. 
• Examine existing seismic data
• Examine existing core data with specific attention to lithology, porosity / permeability
• Identify pre-existing abandoned wells (private firms such as oil and gas companies may have vintage data)
• Determine if additional data must be generated or existing data reprocessed.
• Shortlist storage sites against criteria in basis
• Identify, score key risks, level of uncertainty and mitigation options for region and sites
• Undertake screening to identify which specific sites within a region for storage merit further attention
• For each shortlisted site, identify an Area of Review, and an initial site Appraisal plan including appraisal levelgeological program with risked costs

Examples

• BEST PRACTICES for: Site Screening, Site Selection, and Initial Characterization for Storage of CO₂ in Deep Geologic Formations; National Energy technology Laboratory, DOE/NETL-401/090808, November 2010
• CO2QUALSTORE Guideline for selection and qualification of sites and projects for geological storage of CO₂; Det Norske Veritas, 2010
• GEO-SEQ Best Practices Manual Geologic Carbon Dioxide Sequestration: Site Evaluation to Implementation; GEO-SEQ Project Team, Earth Sciences Division, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA, September 2004
• Storage of CO₂ in geologic formations in the Ohio River Valley Region – Project Factsheet; National Energy technology Laboratory DOE/NETL, Carbon Sequestration 4/2008 Project227.indd 
• Storage of CO₂ in the Geologic Formations in the Ohio River Valley Region – Project description; National Energy technology Laboratory DOE/NETL Project # 40418
• Geological Sequestration of CO₂:  The GEO-SEQ Project – Project Factsheet; National Energy technology Laboratory DOE/NETL, Carbon Sequestration 4/2008 Project287.indd
• Geological Sequestration of CO₂:  The GEO-SEQ Project – Project description; National Energy technology Laboratory DOE/NETL  Project # FWP-G204, FEAA045, FEW0086
• Deep Saline Sequestration Study; Tenaska
• Atlas on geological storage of carbon dioxide; CEF Group of Companies, 2010
• Opportunities for CO₂ Storage around Scotland: an integrated strategic research study; Scottish Centre for Carbon Storage, University of Edinburgh 2009
• Industrial carbon dioxide emissions and carbon dioxide storage potential in the UK; UK government (BERR), Report No. COAL R308, DTI/Pub URN 06/2027, October 2006. 
• Assessment of the Potential for Geological Storage of CO₂ for the Island of Ireland; Sustainable Energy Ireland, September 2008
• Global carbon dioxide storage potential and costs; Ecofys in cooperation with TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands, EEP-02001, 2004
• A Technical Basis for Carbon Dioxide Storage; CO₂ Capture Project. January 2009
• A General Method for Calculating Subsurface CO₂ Storage Capacity; L.G.H. (Bert) van der Meer, SPE, and P.J.P. (Paul) Egberts. Offshore Technology Conference. May 2008
• Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Formations; Franklin M. Orr Jr., Stanford U.  Journal of Petroleum Technology Volume 56, Number 9. September 2004
• CO₂ Sequestration - A Safe Transition Technology; M. Sengul. SPE International Health, Safety & Environment Conference. April 2006
• CO₂-Storage Engineering: Real Solutions to Real Problems; V.A. Kuuskraa, G.J. Koperna, K.C. Schepers. SPE International Conference on CO₂ Capture, Storage, and Utilization. November 2010
• Carbon Storage in Deep Sea Sediments: An Important Part of the CCS Portfolio; Daniel P. Schrag. Offshore Technology Conference. May 2008
• Critical Issues in CO₂ Capture and Storage: Findings of the SPE Advanced Technology Workshop (ATW) on Carbon Sequestration; S. Imbus, Chevron Energy Technology Co.; F.M. Orr, Stanford U.; V.A. Kuuskraa, Advanced Resources Intl. Inc. / H. Kheshgi, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Co.; K. Bennaceur, Schlumberger; N. Gupta, Battelle Memorial Inst. / A. Rigg, CO2CRC; S. Hovorka, U. of Texas; and L. Myer and S. Benson, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Sep 2006.
• Reservoir Engineering Aspects of CO₂ Sequestration in Coals; John P. Seidle, SPE/CERI Gas Technology Symposium, April 2000
• Reusing O&G-Depleted Reservoirs for CO₂ Storage: Pros and Cons; M. Loizzo and B. Lecampion, SPE; and T. Bérard, A. Harichandran, and L. Jammes, Schlumberger Carbon Services. SPE Projects, Facilities & Construction. Volume 5, Number 3. September 2010
• Storing CO₂ With Next Generation CO2-EOR Technology; R.C. Ferguson, V.A. Kuuskraa, T.S. Van Leeuwen, Advanced Resources International; D. Remson, US Department of Energy, NETL. SPE International Conference on CO₂ Capture, Storage, and Utilization. Nov 2010

Key Personnel

• Project Manager
• Geologist & Geophysicist
• Reservoir Engineer
• Drilling Engineer