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Our publications, reports and research library hosts over 500 specialist reports and research papers on all topics associated with CCS.

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Solar generation V – 2008: solar electricity for over one billion people and two million jobs by 2020
Solar generation V – 2008: solar electricity for over one billion people and two million jobs by 2020

1st September 2008

Topic(s): Domestic policy, Economics, Solar energy

This report aims to compile a detailed quantitative knowledge base, coupled with clearly defined and realistic assumptions from which extrapolations could be made on the likely development of the solar electricity market up to 2030 and beyond.

This EPIA/Greenpeace report looks forward to what solar power could achieve - given the right market conditions and an anticipated fall in costs - over the first three decades of the twenty-first century. As well as projections for installed capacity and energy output, it makes assessments of the level of investment required, the number of jobs which would be created, and the crucial effect which an increased input from solar electricity will have on greenhouse gas emissions.

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Disclaimer

The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.

Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.

Co-production of hydrogen and electricity by coal gasification with CO2 capture: updated economic analysis
Co-production of hydrogen and electricity by coal gasification with CO2 capture: updated economic analysis

27th August 2008

Topic(s): Carbon capture use and storage (CCUS), CO2 capture, Energy efficiency

IEA GHG has published a report on co-production of hydrogen and electricity with CO2 capture in September 2007. In the time since the cost estimates in that report were prepared there have been large increases in coal prices and plant construction costs. Foster Wheeler Italiana, who undertook the original co-production study, has produced updated cost estimates taking account of these changes. This work was requested and funded by the Netherlands General Energy Council and managed by IEA GHG.

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Disclaimer

The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.

Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.

The social cost of carbon: trends, outliers and catastrophes
The social cost of carbon: trends, outliers and catastrophes

12th August 2008

Topic(s): Economics, Social cost

This paper presents a meta-analysis of over 200 estimates of the social cost of carbon. The results confirm that a lower discount rate implies a higher estimate; and that higher estimates are found in the gray literature. It is also found that there is a downward trend in the economic impact estimates of the climate; that the Stern Review’s estimates of the social cost of carbon is an outlier; and that the right tail of the distribution is fat. There is a fair chance that the annual climate liability exceeds the annual income of many people.

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Disclaimer

The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.

Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.

Climate change and carbon sequestration: Assessing a liability regime for long-term storage of carbon dioxide
Climate change and carbon sequestration: Assessing a liability regime for long-term storage of carbon dioxide

7th August 2008

Topic(s): Carbon capture use and storage (CCUS), Policy law and regulation

As the world struggles with how to address climate change, one of the most significant questions is how to reduce increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. One promising technology is “carbon capture and sequestration” (CCS) which consists of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from power plants and industrial sources and sequestering them in deep geologic formations for long periods of time. Areas for potential CO2 sequestration include oil and gas fields, saline aquifers, and coal seams. As Congress and the private sector begin to spend billions of dollars to research and deploy this technology, there has been insufficient attention paid to how to structure legal liability for the short-term or long-term risks associated with the geologic sequestration of CO2 in connection with CCS. Until now, federal and state legislators, when they have acted at all, have appeared to be in a rush to limit corporate liability for potential harm in order to encourage the development of CCS. We take a different approach. In this Article, we survey the existing environmental law and tort law liability regimes that may cover potential harm from escaping or migrating CO2. We conclude that while existing liability regimes are insufficient on their own to govern the CCS industry, existing federal and state environmental and tort liability can provide important risk management tools and serve as safeguards to private parties and state and local governments in the event of harm. Thus, state and federal legislation specific to CCS should leave in place this basic liability for full-scale commercial CCS projects. We also propose an adaptive governance model at the federal level for integrating several different compensation mechanisms including bonding, insurance, and pooled federal funding into commercial CCS project management to better provide financial security to investors without destroying existing liability protections for those who may suffer harm from CCS.

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Disclaimer

The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.

Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.

CO2 capture in the cement industry
CO2 capture in the cement industry

21st July 2008

Topic(s): Carbon capture use and storage (CCUS), CO2 capture

The cement industry is one of the world’s largest industrial sources of CO2 emissions, accounting for 1.8 Gt/y in 2005, i.e. more than 6% of global emissions from the use of fossil fuels. Over the years the cement industry has substantially reduced emissions of CO2 per tonne of cement by improved energy efficiency, replacing fossil fuels with wastes which can sometimes be regarded as ‘carbon neutral’ and by increasing the use of additives in the cement product. The scope for further reductions by these means is becoming limited but there is an increasing need to reduce CO2 emissions to avoid climate change. CO2 capture and storage (CCS) presents one of the few opportunities to make further major reductions in emissions and the industry is currently considering the feasibility of applying this technique in order to plan for the future. In many ways the cement industry represents a good opportunity for CCS, because cement plants are relatively large point sources of CO2, the CO2 concentration in cement plant flue gas is relatively high (about 25mol%, dry basis) and over 60% of total CO2 emissions from a modern cement plant are from mineral decomposition and this CO2 cannot be avoided by use of alternative energy sources.

IEA GHG has undertaken a study to assess the technologies that could be used to capture CO2 in cement plants and their performances and costs. The study was undertaken for IEA GHG by Mott MacDonald. The British Cement Association collaborated and helped to obtain input from the cement manufacture and plant supply industries.

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Disclaimer

The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.

Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.

A regional assessment of the potential for CO2 storage in the Indian subcontinent
A regional assessment of the potential for CO2 storage in the Indian subcontinent

12th May 2008

Topic(s): Carbon capture use and storage (CCUS), CO2 storage

The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) has recently commissioned the British Geological Society (BGS) to conduct a regional assessment of the Indian subcontinent in order to gauge the potential for CO2 storage in geological reservoirs in that region. This is the 3rd regional capacity study conducted by the IEA GHG following on from assessments of Europe and North America. It should be noted that the study only assessed the four main options of geological storage; deep saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas fields, and storage in deep unminable coal fields. In addition, the study has undertaken an assessment of the current large point source emissions from the power sector on the Indian subcontinent and assessed their geographical relationship with possible geological stores. This process is also known as sourcestore matching, and a good source of CO2 close to suitable geological storage reservoirs can significantly impact on the costs and technical feasibility of a CCS operation. Without nearby sources for injection, the transport element of the CO2 chain becomes more expensive, and thus can result in the classification of a proposal as uneconomical.

The choice of the Indian subcontinent for this third study is primarily down to two main reasons. Firstly, as an emergent economy, India is considered likely to experience high growth in energy demand due to increasing economic development, and this will naturally include a corresponding increase in anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Much of the increased power demand will come from increased use of fossil fuels and in particular coal. The growth in energy demand is likely to be met by government backed plans to install increased capacity in power plants throughout many regions. History has taught us that when a country undergoes rapid economic growth, there is a corresponding increase in the demand for power and subsequent increase in anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The second driver behind the choice the Indian subcontinent is the current lack of any other definitive study into the capacity for CCS in the area.

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Disclaimer

The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.

Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.

An assessment of carbon capture and storage under EC competition law
An assessment of carbon capture and storage under EC competition law

2nd May 2008

Topic(s): Policy law and regulation

This paper examines the impact of carbon capture and storage (CCS) on competition and EC competition law. Firstly, the state aid framework is analysed as CCS-projects will need subsidisation. Secondly,the impact of CCS on industry structure in the energy sector is analysed. It is concluded that CCS will probably lead to vertical integration and possible foreclosure. These problems can be overcome by an effective third party acces regime, but this is lacking in the legal framework for CCS. The rules on state aid are also considered to provide insufficient guidance.

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Disclaimer

The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.

Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.

The economics of geological CO2 storage and leakage
The economics of geological CO2 storage and leakage

4th April 2008

Topic(s): CO2 storage, Economics, Engineering and project delivery

The economics of CO2 capture and storage in relation to the possibility of significant leakage of CO2 from geological reservoirs once this greenhouse gas has been stored artificially underground will be among the main determinants of whether CCS can significantly contribute to a deep cut in global CO2 emissions. This paper presents an analysis of the economic and climatic implications of the large-scale use of CCS for reaching a stringent climate change control target, when geological CO2 leakage is accounted for. The natural scientific uncertainties regarding the rates of possible leakage of CO2 from geological reservoirs are likely to remain large for a long time to come. We present a qualitative description, a concise analytical inspection, as well as a more detailed integrated assessment model, proffering insight into the economics of geological CO2 storage and leakage. Our model represents three main CO2 emission reduction options: energy savings, a carbon to non-carbon energy transition and the use of CCS. We find CCS to remain a valuable option even with CO2 leakage of a few %/yr, well above the maximum seepage rates that we think are likely from a geo-scientific point of view.

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Disclaimer

The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.

Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.

Early deployment: maximizing carbon capture and storage under the Lieberman Warner Global Warming Bill
Early deployment: maximizing carbon capture and storage under the Lieberman Warner Global Warming Bill

1st April 2008

Topic(s): Carbon capture use and storage (CCUS), Policy law and regulation

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the cost-effectiveness and overall impact on CCS deployment of the bonus allowance and incremental cost (performance standard) subsidy mechanisms.

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Disclaimer

The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.

Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.

Weyburn Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Project
Weyburn Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Project

1st April 2008

Topic(s): Carbon capture use and storage (CCUS), CO2 storage

This National Energy Technology Laboratory Fact Sheet provides an overview of the Weyburn Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Project in Saskatchewan, Canada.

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Disclaimer

The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.

Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.

Energy efficiency policies around the world: review and evaluation
Energy efficiency policies around the world: review and evaluation

28th January 2008

Topic(s): Energy efficiency, Policy law and regulation

This report presents results from a joint project and three year study facilitated by the World Energy Council and ADEME (French Environment and Energy Management Agency). Findings include the main long-term drivers of energy efficiency policies are; security of energy supply, efficiency of national economies, environmental concerns, including global warming and, in developing countries, investment constraints on the energy supply side.

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Disclaimer

The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.

Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.

Retrofitting coal-fired power plants for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration: exploratory testing of NEMS for integrated assessments
Retrofitting coal-fired power plants for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration: exploratory testing of NEMS for integrated assessments

18th January 2008

Topic(s): Carbon capture use and storage (CCUS), CO2 capture, Economics

As part of an assessment for analyzing the prospects of retrofitting existing coal-fired power plants for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and sequestration, an integrated analysis using the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) of the Energy Information Administration was undertaken using a generic model of retrofit costs as a function of basic plant characteristics (such as heat rate). Modifications to NEMS were made to enable an endogenous determination of the tradeoffs between retrofit, retirement, and the purchase of emission allowances. The cost for CO2 retrofit included direct costs (capital and O&M), indirect costs (capacity and heat rate penalties), and a nominal cost for transportation, injection, measurement, monitoring, and verification (MMV).

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Disclaimer

The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.

Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.

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