Effective enforcement of underground storage of carbon dioxide

Topic(s): CO₂ storage, Policy law and regulation

The perception of an effective enforcement regime that ensures the secure and safe storage of CO₂ in underground geologic formations will be crucial in increasing public and industry confidence in carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a viable low-carbon technology.

An effective enforcement regime for underground storage of CO₂ has the following key features:

• Comprehensive obligations that address the key risks of underground storage of CO₂
• Comprehensive monitoring and verification (M&V) requirements, including baseline monitoring, M&V obligations during the injection phase and M&V obligations post-injection
• Enforcement mechanisms that are risk-based, layered and flexible, grounded in science and fact-based decision-making, and include the ability to deal with 'serious situations' (such as unintended releases and CO₂ not behaving as predicted)
• A clear allocation of roles and responsibilities for enforcement.

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