Resources
Publications
Our publications, reports and research library hosts over 500 specialist reports and research papers on all topics associated with CCS.
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The global status of CCS: 2015. Supplementary information presentation package
4th November 2015
Topic(s): Carbon capture use and storage (CCUS)
The Supplementary Information Presentation Package includes updates of key charts included in previous Global Status of CCS reports, providing additional detail on the status of large-scale CCS projects globally.
Disclaimer
The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.
Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.
The Global CCS Institute explains that CCS - carbon capture and storage - is a suite of technologies that prevents carbon dioxide emissions from entering the atmosphere.
Disclaimer
The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.
Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.
Applying carbon capture and storage to a Chinese steel plant
27th August 2015
Topic(s): Carbon capture use and storage (CCUS), CO2 capture, Engineering and project delivery
The Global CCS Institute presents a feasibility study report on applying carbon capture and storage (CCS) to a steel plant in China. Toshiba was commissioned to conduct the study through its business partner Tongfang Environment in collaboration with Shougang Jingtang United Iron & Steel of China. The study examined the application of CCS onto the Caofeidian steel plant.
The report covers the concept of capturing CO2 from a Chinese steel plant, transportation and potential storage in an oilfield for enhanced oil recovery (EOR).
The study suggests that carbon capture in Chinese steel plants is a cost effective means of reducing carbon emissions compared with similar plants around the world.
This report is authored by Toshiba for the Global CCS Institute. Tony Zhang, Institute Senior Adviser for Carbon Capture, Asia-Pacific also provides an overview of the report in a new Insight available on the Global CCS Institute website.
Disclaimer
The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.
Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.
Situation report 2013/14: European large scale demonstration projects
19th November 2014
Topic(s): Carbon capture use and storage (CCUS), Engineering and project delivery, Permitting, Policy law and regulation
This second edition of the European CCS Demonstration Project Network: Situation Report 2013/14 includes the findings related to the participating projects from both the knowledge sharing events, presentations, and the internal survey conducted via the Information and Experience Gathering (IEG) questionnaire. The report covers progress made by the projects in capture, transport, storage, regulatory development, public engagement and knowledge sharing within and beyond the Network.
Little has changed from previous reporting for the projects in terms of planning and following timelines. Almost all of them have experienced delays with various permits and with reaching a final investment decision (FID). In 2013, two projects, Porto Tolle and Compostilla received a negative FID. Ciuden, the academic partner of Compostilla project, remains however with collaborative status in the Network. The current timeline for the ROAD project suggests that they could be operating and injecting CO2 by 2017. For Don Valley project this is planned for 2018.
The Network is composed of one oxyfuel power project (former Compostilla), one IGCC power project which may also include gas oxyfuel technology (Don Valley), one post-combustion power project (ROAD) and a gas processing project (Sleipner). Sleipner is the only project currently in operation. All will capture over 1 million tonnes of CO2 per annum, at a capture rate of over 90%. SOx and NOx are quoted by the projects as the most common and expected impurities in the slip stream gas.
Disclaimer
The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.
Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.
Callide Oxyfuel Project: lessons learned
1st May 2014
Topic(s): Carbon capture use and storage (CCUS), CO2 capture
The following report presents an overview of the Callide Oxyfuel Project (Stage 1 - Oxyfuel Combustion and CO2 Capture) and describes in detail key technical aspects of the plant, project milestones, and lessons learned.
The Callide A facility located near Biloela in central Queensland comprises of 2 x 330 t/day air separation units, a 30 MWe oxy-fuel boiler and a 75 t/day CO2 capture plant. The plant was commissioned in 2012 and as of March 2013 had achieved nominally 5500 hours of industrial operation in oxy-combustion mode and 2500 hours of industrial of the CO2 capture plant.
The project has been able to demonstrate CO2 capture rates from the Oxyfuel flue gas stream to the CO2 capture plant in excess of 85%, and producing a high quality CO2 product suitable for geological storage. In addition, other benefits observed from the oxy-firing and CO2 capture demonstration have included: (i) increased boiler combustion efficiency; (ii) greater than 50% reduction in stack NOx mass emission rates; and (iii) almost complete removal of all toxic gaseous emissions including SOx, NOx, particulates and trace elements from the flue gas stream in the CO2 capture plant.
Disclaimer
The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.
Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.
openCCS is the handbook for deliverying CCS projects brought to you by the Global CCS Institute. It has been built to guide you through the key processes and steps needed to deliver each component of an integrated CCS project. It’s a platform for sharing methodologies, best practices and lessons learnt from experience.
The Power Capture Section of the openCCS handbook contains:
Concept Studies
- Identify potential of the new or expanded business
- Consider new-build or retrofit for capture
- Consider saline reservoir or EOR or other for storage/beneficial reuse
- Document general features of the project
- Estimate order of magnitude costs of the project (both capital (+/-30-35% accuracy) and operating (+/-15-20% accuracy))
Prefeasibility Studies
- Consider different capture technologies
- Consider different EPC contractors
- Consider different process, location and project configuration options
- Consider different capacities for the project
- Assess the likely technical and economic viability of the project
- Recommend the preferred option and size for final study
- Estimate costs of the project (both capital (+/-20-25% accuracy) and operating (+/-10-15% accuracy))
Feasibility Studies
- Undertake front end engineering design (FEED) studies, clearly recommending one processing, location and project configuration, and prevent the need to be materially varied after project commitment
- Estimate costs of the project (both capital (+/-10-15% accuracy) and operating (+/-5-10%; closer to 5% accuracy))
- Select construction contractor and delivery approach (i.e. EPC)
- Obtain all required regulatory approvals
- Provide the basis for making an investment decision, and make final investment decision for construction of capture facility
Project Execution
- Complete the design detail for building the carbon capture asset
- Build the organisation and systems to manage the carbon capture asset
- Build the carbon capture asset
- On time
- On budget
- To scope and quality
- Commission the carbon capture asset to operating state
Asset Operation
- Ramp-up operation of the carbon capture asset to ascertain true performance
- Modify the carbon capture asset (as necessary) to achieve required performance
- Operate the carbon capture asset to achieve required performance over asset life
- Maintain the carbon capture asset to achieve required asset life
- Modify the carbon capture asset to comply with legislated regulatory changes
- Modify the carbon capture asset to realise identified opportunities
Asset Decommissioning
- Operation of asset (i.e. power plant with capture) ceased
- Modify the asset (as necessary) to achieve required decommissioned state
- On time
- On budget
- To scope and quality
- Asset sites decommissioned and rehabilitated to required condition
- Establish organisation for post-closure stage (as necessary)
Disclaimer
The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.
Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.
openCCS: Storage
28th May 2013
Topic(s): Capacity development, Carbon capture use and storage (CCUS), CO2 storage
openCCS is the handbook for delivering CCS projects brought to you by the Global CCS Institute. It has been built to guide you through the key processes and steps needed to deliver each component of an integrated CCS project. It’s a platform for sharing methodologies, best practices and lessons learnt from experience.
The Storage Section of the openCCS handbook contains:
Site Screening Studies
- Define screening basis
- Develop screening plan
- Review available data and identify potential sites
- Estimate capacity and level of uncertainty
- Shortlist storage sites
Site Assessment Studies
- Obtain exploration permit
- Define selection basis and develop selection plan
- Acquire data, test, analyse, rank risks
- Select site and engineering concept
Site Selection Studies
- Specify performance targets
- Prepare CO2 storage development plan
- Evaluate compliance with regulations and qualification goal
- Obtain storage permit
Design and (Initial) Construct
- Select construction contractor and delivery approach for (initial) storage assets (i.e. EPC)
- Complete the design detail for building the (initial) storage assets (i.e. wells, feeder piping)
- Build the organisation and systems to manage the storage assets
- Build the (initial) transport asset
- On time
- On budget
- To scope and quality
- Commission the (initial) storage assets to operating state
Operate (Remaining Construct)
- Operate the storage assets to achieve required performance over asset life
- Develop plan for permit review/re-qualification
- Reassess risks
- Adjust performance targets
- Adjust CO2 storage development plan
- Storage permit renewal
- Complete the design detail for building the (remaining) storage assets (i.e. wells, feeder piping)
- Select construction contractor and delivery approach for (remaining) storage assets (i.e. EPC)
Close
- Assess if conditions for site closure have been met
- Define closure basis
- Develop closure plan
- Update storage performance forecast and environmental impact assessment
- Obtain certificate of fitness for closure
- Initiate decommissioning
- Transfer of responsibility for site
Disclaimer
The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.
Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.
openCCS: Transport
28th May 2013
Topic(s): Capacity development, Carbon capture use and storage (CCUS), CO2 transport
openCCS is the Global CCS Institute’s project delivery handbook. It has been built to guide you through the key processes and steps needed to deliver each component of an integrated CCS project. It’s a platform for sharing methodologies, best practices and lessons learnt from experience.
The Transport Section of the openCCS handbook contains:
Concept Studies
- Consider pipeline or other CO2 transport options
- Consider existing or new transport route
- Consider single or multi-user transport route
- Estimate order of magnitude costs of the project (both capital (+/-30-35% accuracy) and operating (+/-15-20% accuracy))
Prefeasibility Studies
- Consider different transport routes
- Recommend the preferred transport route and capacity for final study
- Estimate costs of the project (both capital (+/-20-25% accuracy) and operating (+/-10-15% accuracy))
Feasibility Studies
- Undertake front end engineering design (FEED) studies, clearly recommending one transport route
- Estimate costs (both capital (+/-10-15% accuracy) and operating (+/-5-10%; closer to 5% accuracy))
- Select construction contractor and delivery approach (i.e. EPC)
- Obtain all required regulatory approvals
- Make final investment decision for construction of transport facilities
Project Execution
- Complete the design detail for building the transport asset
- Build the organisation and systems to manage the transport asset
- Build the transport asset
- On time
- On budget
- To scope and quality
- Commission the transport asset to operating state
Asset Operation
- Operate the transport asset to achieve required performance over asset life
- Maintain the transport asset to achieve required asset life
- Modify the transport asset to comply with legislated regulatory changes
- Modify the transport asset to realise identified opportunities
Asset Decommissioning
- Operation of asset (i.e. pipeline) ceased
- Modify the asset (as necessary) to achieve required decommissioned state
- On time
- On budget
- To scope and quality
- Asset sites decommissioned and rehabilitated to required condition
- Establish organisation for post-closure stage (as necessary)
Disclaimer
The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.
Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.
This roadmap shows that CCS is a key cost-effective option for reducing CO2 emissions in large energy-intensive industries. In fact, much of the promising short-term potential for CCS globally lies not in the power sector but in industrial activities that currently vent highly pure streams of CO2. These activities include hydrogen production for fertilisers or fuel, bioethanol production and natural gas sweetening. Most studies on the potential application of CCS have focused on the power sector, however, even though all existing operational large-scale demonstrations of CCS are in industrial applications. In the longer-term, half of the global economic deployment for CCS by 2050 is shown to be in industrial applications. In certain sectors CCS is shown to be of particular relevance in developing countries, where it could be a highly cost-competitive emissions abatement option, even in the near term.
This technology roadmap builds on the initial IEA roadmap on CCS and also the technology roadmap for the cement sector developed by the IEA and the Cement Sustainability Initiative of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. It paves the way for low-carbon industrial growth in developed and developing countries by providing a vision of CCS in industrial applications up to 2050.
Disclaimer
The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.
Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.
Offshore CO2 storage legal resources
30th August 2012
Topic(s): Carbon capture use and storage (CCUS), CO2 storage, Liability, Permitting, Policy law and regulation
Offshore CO2 storage legal resources covers activities relating to offshore CO2 storage in specific regions.
1. International marine legislation
This section looks specifically at current international marine legislation that may have a bearing upon the legality of CCS activities including:
2. European offshore CO2 storage
Here we look at legislation that relates specifically to the European marine environment, namely the North East Atlantic and North Sea:
3. UK offshore CO2 storage
This section looks specifically at the UK regulatory framework and the enactment of the Energy Act 2008, which is a framework for the licensing, enforcement and registration of CCS.
4. Australian offshore CO2 storage
Here we consider the regulatory framework created by the Australian Government for offshore CO2 storage based on amendments to existing petroleum legislation.
Disclaimer
The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.
Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.
Onshore CO2 storage legal resources
30th August 2012
Topic(s): Carbon capture use and storage (CCUS), CO2 storage, Liability, Permitting, Policy law and regulation
Onshore CO2 storage legal resources considers the legislation and associated issues relating to onshore CO2 storage in Europe and Australia.
1. European waste legislation and onshore CO2 storage
This section considers the fundamental question of whether CCS processes and captured CO2 falls within the scope of EU waste legislation, and if so, what the implications would then be. Specifically we look at:
2. European water legislation and onshore CO2 storage
Here we look at European water legislation and its relationship to CCS activities including:
3. Australian onshore regulation
Here we consider how CO2 storage is dealt with at a federal and state level in Australia. At a state level we consider the state of Victoria, that enacted The Victorian Greenhouse Gas Geological Sequestration Act 2008 (No. 61 of 2008) which provides a dedicated legal framework enabling the onshore injection and permanent storage of greenhouse gas substances.
Disclaimer
The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.
Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.
Legislation relating to CO2 transport for storage
30th August 2012
Topic(s): Carbon capture use and storage (CCUS), CO2 storage, CO2 transport, Liability, Permitting, Policy law and regulation
Here we consider the legal implications of transporting CO2 across international boundaries, for storage in marine environments, and more specifically, how CO2 transport for storage is dealt with in the European, UK and Canadian contexts.
1. International transboundary transport regulation for CO2 storage
Transport of CO2 is necessary when a suitable storage site is not close to the capture installation. During the transport phase, international law is relevant when CO2 crosses the territory of different states in order to reach the storage site. The Bamako Convention and the Basel Convention address this issue:
2. CO2 transport for storage and international marine legislation
International marine legislation has an impact upon the legal conditions for development of CCS offshore:
3. European and regional legislation on CO2 transport and storage
In a regional context, such as the European Union, transnational regulation of the transport phase is essential when CO2 is transported across the territory of different Member States in order to reach a storage site. The following legislation covers this:
4. UK laws regulating CO2 transport for storage
In the UK at present no legislation that expressly regulates CO2 transport by pipeline. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) have suggested CO2 be classified as a 'dangerous substance' or a 'dangerous fluid' and legislated accordingly.
5. Canadian laws regulating CO2 transport for storage
In Canada, there is no dedicated legislation regarding CO2 pipelines, either at federal or provincial level. Existing CO2 pipelines operate for the purpose of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) or acid gas disposal and are covered by existing pipeline legislation.
Disclaimer
The content within the Global CCS Institute Publications, Reports and Research Library is provided for information purposes only. We make every effort and take reasonable care to keep the content of this section up-to-date and error-free. However, we make no claim as to its accuracy, currency or reliability.
Content and material featured within this section of our website includes reports and research published by third parties. The content and material may include opinions and recommendations of third parties that do not reflect those held by the Global CCS Institute.